The working principle of a three-roll bending machine.
Release time：2026-03-06
1. Feed Positioning: Gently feed the metal sheet to be processed (which can accommodate steel plates of varying thicknesses and widths according to equipment specifications) into the space between the upper roll and the two lower rolls. Adjust the position of the sheet so that its edges are parallel to the roll axes, thereby preventing deviation or distortion during the coiling process and laying a solid foundation for subsequent uniform deformation.
2. Pressure Application and Positioning: The hydraulic system controls the vertical downward movement of the upper roll until the upper roll is in tight contact with the top surface of the sheet material, while the two lower rolls are in contact with the bottom surface of the sheet material, thus forming a three-point contact structure characterized by “pressure applied by the upper roll and support provided by the two lower rolls.” At this stage, the initial pressure applied by the upper roll must just overcome the elastic resistance of the sheet material, enabling the sheet to initially conform to the roll surfaces and preventing slippage during subsequent feeding.
3. Continuous Feed and Deformation: When the drive system is started, the two lower rollers rotate synchronously and in the same direction under motor drive (the rotational speed can be adjusted via the control system). Relying on the friction between the roller surfaces and the sheet metal, the rollers steadily advance the sheet metal forward in a continuous feed. At the same time, the upper roller continuously maintains a constant downward pressure, applying a continuous bending moment to the sheet metal as it feeds forward.
4. Stepwise Plastic Deformation: As the sheet metal advances, each segment, upon passing through the contact point of the three rollers, is subjected to pressure from the upper roller and support forces from the two lower rollers, resulting in localized three-point bending that induces slight plastic deformation in that segment. As the sheet metal continues to advance, these small deformations accumulate segment by segment, gradually causing the sheet to bend from a flat plane into an arc-shaped curve. The radius of curvature is determined by the depth of the lower roller’s downward pressure— the deeper the pressure, the smaller the radius of curvature; the shallower the pressure, the larger the radius of curvature.
5. Forming Correction and Springback Control: Once the sheet metal has been coiled to the preset radius, stop feeding the material and maintain constant pressure on the upper roll. Then, rotate the two lower rolls in opposite directions for 1–2 revolutions to round out the formed component, thereby reducing some of the elastic springback in the sheet metal and ensuring uniform roundness of the component, as well as a smooth surface free of wrinkles and scratches. For thick plates or high-strength materials, further improve forming accuracy by repeatedly adjusting the downward pressure depth of the upper roll and re-coiling the material multiple times, thus effectively preventing defects such as ovalization or distortion.
6. Material Discharge Completed: After the rolled piece has been properly rounded, the upper roll is raised to release the pressure on the workpiece. The rolled cylinder or arc-shaped component is then carefully removed from between the rolls, thus completing the entire rolling process. If a conical cylinder is required, the inclination angle of the upper roll can be adjusted to apply different pressures to the two ends of the sheet metal, resulting in a variable-radius bend and ultimately forming a conical cylinder.
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